{"id":1047,"date":"2014-06-17T08:50:23","date_gmt":"2014-06-17T05:50:23","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2014-06-17T08:50:23","modified_gmt":"2014-06-17T05:50:23","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coeng.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=1047","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642) \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0627  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645 ” \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 ” \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 :<\/span>
\t<\/span>\u062f. \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\/ \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630  (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b)<\/span>
\t<\/span>\u062f. \u0642\u0635\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0648\u0631\/ \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627)<\/span>
\t<\/span>\u062f. \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\/ \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b)<\/span>
\u0648\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a :  <\/span>
\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u0627\u0621- R11). \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644) \u0648 R11 (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0648\u0639 (Perspex) \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0668 \u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0661\u066b\u0662 \u0645\u062a\u0631.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u062d\u0642\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 R11 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 R11 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a.<\/span>
          \u062e\u0635\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644  \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/span>
\u0661 –  \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (H)                          (\u0665 – \u0664\u0660) \u0633\u0645.<\/span>
\u0662 –  \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (Tci) ( \u0663\u0665 – \u0665\u0665 ) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\u0663 –  \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 R11 (Td1) (\u0661\u0660 – \u0662\u0660) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\u0664 –  \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u064a R11 (m \u0307_d)  (\u0661\u066b\u0668 – \u0665\u066b\u0664) \u0643\u063a\u0645\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/span>
\u0665 –  \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 ( \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 = \u0660\u066b\u0667\u060c \u0661 \u0648 \u0661\u066b\u0665 \u0645\u0645 \/ \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 = \u0667\u060c \u0661\u0669 \u0648 \u0663\u0666).<\/span>
         \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 )\u06f1\u0663\u0660%( \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0665 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0664\u0660 \u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0663\u0666. \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u064a\u0646 (\u0662\u0660\u0660%)  \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u064a R11 \u0645\u0646 \u0661\u066b\u0668 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0665\u066b\u0664 \u0643\u063a\u0645\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 (\u0663%) \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649. <\/span>
          \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u064a R11 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 R11 . \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 (\u0665\u0667,\u0666\u0661 \u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0645\u0663.\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u064a R11. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0669\u0669%) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 R11 \u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u064a R11 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
          \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627 (\u0663%) \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/span>

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